鉆石句型：①主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)（S+V+O）

　?、谥髡Z(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)(S+V+P)

　　一、句子擴(kuò)展：修飾成分加長(zhǎng) 

　?。ㄒ唬┿@石句型①主謂賓句型

　　The boy (主語(yǔ)) likes (謂語(yǔ)) English (賓語(yǔ)).

　　1.主語(yǔ)擴(kuò)展：

　　The clever boy likes English.

　　The boy with a book in his hand likes English.

　　The boy who is full of imagination likes English.

　　The clever boy who is full of imagination with a book in his hand likes English.

　　注：主語(yǔ)中心詞為the boy, 可以通過(guò)加形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)從句及其組合等成分使主語(yǔ)復(fù)雜化，從而增加理解難度。考研翻譯中的主語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)多為修飾成分繁多的主語(yǔ)。

　　2.謂語(yǔ)擴(kuò)展：

　　The boy likes English very much.

　　The boy likes English out of interest.

　　The boy likes English influenced by his parents.

　　The boy likes English, hoping that one day he can go abroad.

　　The boy liked English when he was five years old.

　　注：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞like通過(guò)添加副詞短語(yǔ)、介詞短語(yǔ)、現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)、過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)從句等進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展，從而使句子變得復(fù)雜，增加了理解難度。考研翻譯中注意找準(zhǔn)動(dòng)詞及其修飾成分,以弄清邏輯關(guān)系。

　　3.賓語(yǔ)擴(kuò)展：

　　The boy likes American English.

　　The boy likes English, the international language.

　　The boy likes English which is the most widely spoken language in the world.

　　The boy likes English spoken by many people nowadays.

　　The boy likes English, a beautiful language, spoken by many people living in every corner of the world.

　　注：賓語(yǔ)English通過(guò)添加形容詞（短語(yǔ)）、同位語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)從句、分詞短語(yǔ)及其組合進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展，從而使簡(jiǎn)單句變得復(fù)雜化?？佳蟹g中要注意這些修飾成分，如分詞結(jié)構(gòu)要找出邏輯主語(yǔ)等，定語(yǔ)從句要找出先行詞，等等。